General guidelines

The Foresight Cards are an analysis tool for the external environment. Put the cards on the table, pick the forces that matter for your question, and use them as a shared language in a session. Combine them with a SWOT, a Porter analysis, a business model, a system diagram or scenario planning.

STEEP explained

STEEP organises external forces into five categories: Social, Technological, Economic, Environmental and Political. It helps you look beyond your own sector and reveal blind spots.

Macro, meso and micro environment

The cards focus on the macro or contextual environment: forces you do not control but that act on you. Around it sit the meso environment (your market and sector) and the micro environment (your own organisation). The distinction helps separate external developments from what is within your control.

Macro-, meso- en micro-omgeving Drie concentrische ringen: micro (de eigen organisatie) binnenin, daaromheen meso (sector en markt), en daaromheen macro (de brede maatschappelijke omgeving). Macro Meso Micro

Patterns of change

A force rarely changes in a straight line. The ‘patterns of change’ show typical trajectories: a stable trend, a steady increase or decrease, a temporary hype, and gradual or abrupt discontinuities. Naming the pattern for each force sharpens your picture of the future.

Trend

A recurring pattern that becomes visible once you look at data over a longer period.

Stable Life insurance ownership (US), 1994-2006
Steady increase Coal production (US), 1949-2009
Steady decrease Sea ice extent, 2005-2012

Gradual discontinuity

A paradigm shift that builds up gradually, so we may still be able to influence the change to come.

Accelerated increase Greenhouse gases, 1750-2000 (exponential or saturated)
Accelerated decrease Radioactive decay or the half-life of knowledge

Hype or rage

Hype: a development people expect far too much of. Rage: a product or lifestyle that is briefly fashionable.

Temporary increase Dotcom bubble, 2000
Temporary decrease EHEC outbreak (Germany), 2011 - raw cucumber

Abrupt discontinuity

A paradigm shift so fast that a system becomes unstable; the change can no longer be influenced.

Abrupt increase Earthquake Japan, 2011
Abrupt decrease Dow Jones crash, September 2008

Advanced: combine patterns

You can chain patterns together to describe a single development over time. The Gartner Hype Cycle, for instance, combines an accelerated increase, a temporary peak and steady growth.

Source: Van Rijn, M. & Van der Burgt, R. (2012). Handboek Scenarioplanning. Deventer: Kluwer, pp. 32-42.

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